Braille Research :
Japanese Language Research :
REMWIN Institute :
Jewelryeyes Consortium :
Some hieroglyphs are biliterals (or triliterals) which stand for strings of more than one consonant as sonograms. Letters used ideographically can be regarded to have the sound strings of the words as the pronunciations. For brailling such letters simply, a primary sign and a secondary sign are set for each consonant.
| Consonant | a | b | tj | d | i | f | g | h | sh | dj |
| Primary sign | O- -- -- |
O- O- -- |
OO -- -- |
OO -O -- |
O- -O -- |
OO O- -- |
OO OO -- |
O- OO -- |
-O O- -- |
-O OO -- |
| Secondary sign | O- -- -O |
O- O- -O |
OO -- -O |
OO -O -O |
O- -O -O |
OO O- -O |
OO OO -O |
O- OO -O |
-O O- -O |
-O OO -O |
| NABCC | * | < | % | ? | : | $ | ] | \ | [ | W |
| Consonant | k | w | m | n | ' | p | kh | r | s | t |
| Primary sign | O- -- O- |
O- O- O- |
OO -- O- |
OO -O O- |
O- -O O- |
OO O- O- |
OO OO O- |
O- OO O- |
-O O- O- |
-O OO O- |
| Secondary sign | O- -- OO |
O- O- OO |
OO -- OO |
OO -O OO |
O- -O OO |
OO O- OO |
OO OO OO |
O- OO OO |
-O O- OO |
-O OO OO |
| NABCC | U | V | X | Y | Z | & | = | ( | ! | ) |
The primary signs are same as brailles for uniliterals. The secondary signs are the primary signs with point 6 raised.
Brailles for a part of biliterals (the most common ones if their sounds overlap) are the signs which consist of the secondary sign of the first consonant followed by the primary sign of the second consonant. For triliterals (or more), the first and second consonants are brailled as a general rule, but the third consonant or later can be chosen if overlapped.
| \ 2nd \ 1st \ |
a | b | tj | d | i | f | g | h | sh | dj | k | w | m | n | ' | p | kh | r | s | t | 2nd / / / 1st |
||
| O- -- -- |
O- O- -- |
OO -- -- |
OO -O -- |
O- -O -- |
OO O- -- |
OO OO -- |
O- OO -- |
-O O- -- |
-O OO -- |
O- -- O- |
O- O- O- |
OO -- O- |
OO -O O- |
O- -O O- |
OO O- O- |
OO OO O- |
O- OO O- |
-O O- O- |
-O OO O- |
||||
| a | O- -- -O |
| | | O- -- -O |
a | |||||||||||||||||
| b | O- O- -O |
| | | | | | | | O- O- -O |
b | ||||||||||||
| tj | OO -- -O |
| | | OO -- -O |
tj | |||||||||||||||||
| d | OO -O -O |
| | | OO -O -O |
d | |||||||||||||||||
| i | O- -O -O |
| | | | | | | | | | O- -O -O |
i | ||||||||||
| f | OO O- -O |
| OO O- -O |
f | |||||||||||||||||||
| g | OO OO -O |
| | | OO OO -O |
g | |||||||||||||||||
| h | O- OO -O |
| | | | | | | | O- OO -O |
h | ||||||||||||
| sh | -O O- -O |
| | | | -O O- -O |
sh | ||||||||||||||||
| dj | -O OO -O |
| | | | | | | -O OO -O |
dj | |||||||||||||
| k | O- -- OO |
| | | | | | | | O- -- OO |
k | ||||||||||||
| w | O- O- OO |
| | | | | | | O- O- OO |
w | |||||||||||||
| m | OO -- OO |
| | | | | | | | | OO -- OO |
m | |||||||||||
| n | OO -O OO |
| | | | | | | OO -O OO |
n | |||||||||||||
| ' | O- -O OO |
| | | | | | | | | | | | O- -O OO |
' | ||||||||
| p | OO O- OO |
| | | | OO O- OO |
p | ||||||||||||||||
| kh | OO OO OO |
| | | OO OO OO |
kh | |||||||||||||||||
| r | O- OO OO |
| | | | O- OO OO |
r | ||||||||||||||||
| s | -O O- OO |
| | | | | | | -O O- OO |
s | |||||||||||||
| t | -O OO OO |
| | | | | -O OO OO |
t | |||||||||||||||
| 1st / / / 2nd |
O- -- -- |
O- O- -- |
OO -- -- |
OO -O -- |
O- -O -- |
OO O- -- |
OO OO -- |
O- OO -- |
-O O- -- |
-O OO -- |
O- -- O- |
O- O- O- |
OO -- O- |
OO -O O- |
O- -O O- |
OO O- O- |
OO OO O- |
O- OO O- |
-O O- O- |
-O OO O- |
\ 1st \ 2nd \ |
||
| a | b | tj | d | i | f | g | h | sh | dj | k | w | m | n | ' | p | kh | r | s | t | ||||
Letters for animals can be brailled from three consonants if their first two consonants overlap with others since each of them has an individual shape and is thought to be hard to generate the braille from another sign with distinctive signs etc. In such cases, brailles for the letters are the signs which consist of the secondary signs of the first two consonants followed by the primary sign of the third consonant.
| Code / Name | Glyph | Sound | Braille | Code / Name | Glyph | Sound | Braille | Code / Name | Glyph | Sound | Braille |
| E6 | | ssm |
-O -O OO O- O- -- OO OO O- |
E30 | | nia |
OO O- O- -O -O -- OO -O -- |
G33 | | sda |
-O OO O- O- -O -- OO -O -- |
| Horse | Ibex | - | |||||||||
| E13 | | miw |
OO O- O- -- -O O- OO -O O- |
E32 | | shan |
-O O- OO O- -- -O -O -O O- |
G34 | | niw |
OO O- O- -O -O O- OO -O O- |
| Cat | Baboon | Ostrich | |||||||||
| E14 | | tjsm |
OO -O OO -- O- -- -O OO O- |
E33 | | gif |
OO O- OO OO -O O- -O -O -- |
G37 | | ndjs |
OO -O -O -O OO O- OO -O O- |
| Dog | Velvet monkey | Sparrow | |||||||||
| E17 | | sab |
-O O- O- O- -- O- OO -O -- |
G5 | | hr |
O- O- -O OO OO OO -O OO O- |
I2 | | shti |
-O -O O- O- OO -O -O OO -- |
| Jackal | Horus bird | Tortoise | |||||||||
| E24 | | abi |
O- O- O- -- O- -O -O -O -- |
G14 | | mwt |
OO O- -O -- O- OO OO OO O- |
I3 | | ms-h |
OO -O O- -- O- OO OO OO -- |
| Panther | Corpse vulture | Crocodile | |||||||||
| E26 | | abw |
O- O- O- -- O- O- -O -O O- |
G23 | | rkhi |
O- OO O- OO OO -O OO OO -- |
I5A | | sbk |
-O O- O- O- O- -- OO -O O- |
| Elephant | - | - | |||||||||
| E27 | | mmi |
OO OO O- -- -- -O OO OO -- |
G26A | | djhw |
-O O- O- OO OO O- -O -O O- |
L4 | | snh |
-O OO O- O- -O OO OO OO -- |
| Giraffe | Ibis | Locust | |||||||||
| E28 | | mah |
OO O- O- -- -- OO OO -O -- |
G27 | | dshr |
OO -O O- -O O- OO -O -O O- |
L5 | | spa |
-O OO O- O- O- -- OO OO -- |
| Antelope | Flamingo | Millipede | |||||||||
| E29 | | ghs |
OO O- -O OO OO O- -O -O O- |
G29 | | ba |
O- O- O- O- -- -- -O -O -- |
L7 | | srk |
-O O- O- O- OO -- OO OO O- |
| Gazelle | - | Scorpion |
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(c)Copyright 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Tatsuya Tobe. All Rights Reserved.
Tentative Proposal for Brailling the Egyptian Hieroglyphs :
Braille Research :
Japanese Language Research :
REMWIN Institute :
Jewelryeyes Consortium :